{"id":571,"date":"2023-05-07T07:30:56","date_gmt":"2023-05-07T10:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/?page_id=571"},"modified":"2023-05-11T18:48:34","modified_gmt":"2023-05-11T21:48:34","slug":"quimica-geral","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/index.php\/quimica-geral\/","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u00edmica Geral"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\"><strong><em>Modelos At\u00f4micos<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Q-01)<\/strong><span>&nbsp;<\/span><em><strong>(Famerp SP\/2021) <\/strong><\/em>L\u00e2mpadas de neon s\u00e3o tubos contendo gases rarefeitos submetidos a uma diferen\u00e7a de potencial. Quando el\u00e9trons percorrem o tubo, colidem com as mol\u00e9culas do g\u00e1s e emitem luz com cor caracter\u00edstica do elemento qu\u00edmico, conforme ilustra a figura.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-576\" width=\"372\" height=\"193\" srcset=\"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-2.png 553w, https:\/\/proexatas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-2-300x156.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 372px) 100vw, 372px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-right wp-block-paragraph\">(www.fart-neon.com)<\/p>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A natureza da luz emitida pelas l\u00e2mpadas de neon pode ser explicada pelos modelos at\u00f4micos de<\/p>\n<p>a) Rutherford e Bohr.<\/p>\n<p>b) Dalton e Rutherford.<\/p>\n<p>c) Bohr e Dalton.<\/p>\n<p>d) Dalton e Thomson.<\/p>\n<p>e) Thomson e Bohr.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-d5baeec5\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion exclusive\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div>Visualizar alternativa correta \/ coment\u00e1rio da quest\u00e3o<\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Alternativa correta (E)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Q-02)<\/strong><span>&nbsp;<\/span><em><strong>(ENEM MEC\/2020) <\/strong><\/em>As c\u00e9lulas fotovoltaicas (placas semicondutoras compostas de sil\u00edcio) s\u00e3o os componentes principais dos pain\u00e9is solares e s\u00e3o capazes de converter, com certa efici\u00eancia, parte da energia dos raios solares em energia el\u00e9trica. Essa convers\u00e3o \u00e9 causada pelo fen\u00f4meno f\u00edsico denominado \u201cefeito fotoel\u00e9trico\u201d, que pode ocorrer em uma variedade de materiais, incluindo metais e semicondutores. Na superf\u00edcie dos metais, a sequ\u00eancia de eventos que caracteriza esse efeito, de forma simplificada, \u00e9 a<\/p>\n<p>a) absor\u00e7\u00e3o de f\u00f3tons e a emiss\u00e3o de el\u00e9trons.<\/p>\n<p>b) absor\u00e7\u00e3o de el\u00e9trons e a emiss\u00e3o de f\u00f3tons.<\/p>\n<p>c) emiss\u00e3o de f\u00f3tons e a absor\u00e7\u00e3o de el\u00e9trons.<\/p>\n<p>d) absor\u00e7\u00e3o e a emiss\u00e3o de el\u00e9trons.<\/p>\n<p>e) absor\u00e7\u00e3o e a emiss\u00e3o de f\u00f3tons.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-52c8ef9d\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion exclusive\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div>Visualizar alternativa correta \/ coment\u00e1rio de quest\u00e3o<\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Alternativa correta (A)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Q-03)<\/strong><span>&nbsp;<\/span><em><strong>(UEG GO\/2019) <\/strong><\/em>Os inovadores conceitos da mec\u00e2nica qu\u00e2ntica possibilitaram um avan\u00e7o sem precedentes no entendimento da qu\u00edmica moderna. Dentre os fen\u00f4menos a seguir, aquele que s\u00f3 pode ser explicado atrav\u00e9s de conceitos da qu\u00edmica qu\u00e2ntica \u00e9 a<\/p>\n<p>a) discretiza\u00e7\u00e3o da energia.<\/p>\n<p>b) quantiza\u00e7\u00e3o da mat\u00e9ria.<\/p>\n<p>c) estequiometria molecular.<\/p>\n<p>d) discretiza\u00e7\u00e3o da carga el\u00e9trica.<\/p>\n<p>e) identifica\u00e7\u00e3o do n\u00famero de oxida\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-acfd1d30\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion exclusive\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div>Visualizar alternativa correta \/ coment\u00e1rio de quest\u00e3o<\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Alternativa correta (A)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Q-04)<\/strong><span>&nbsp;<\/span><em><strong>(Unesp SP\/2019) <\/strong><\/em>As figuras representam dois modelos, 1 e 2, para o \u00e1tomo de hidrog\u00eanio. No modelo 1, o el\u00e9tron move-se em trajet\u00f3ria espiral, aproximando-se do n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico e emitindo energia continuamente, com frequ\u00eancia cada vez maior, uma vez que cargas el\u00e9tricas aceleradas irradiam energia. Esse processo s\u00f3 termina quando o el\u00e9tron se choca com o n\u00facleo. No modelo 2, o el\u00e9tron move-se inicialmente em determinada \u00f3rbita circular est\u00e1vel e em movimento uniforme em rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao n\u00facleo, sem emitir radia\u00e7\u00e3o eletromagn\u00e9tica, apesar de apresentar acelera\u00e7\u00e3o centr\u00edpeta. Nesse modelo a emiss\u00e3o s\u00f3 ocorre, de forma descont\u00ednua, quando o el\u00e9tron sofre transi\u00e7\u00e3o de uma \u00f3rbita mais distante do n\u00facleo para outra mais pr\u00f3xima.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-582\" width=\"528\" height=\"260\" srcset=\"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-3.png 666w, https:\/\/proexatas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-3-600x295.png 600w, https:\/\/proexatas.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/image-3-300x148.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A respeito desses modelos at\u00f4micos, pode-se afirmar que<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">a) o modelo 1, proposto por Bohr em 1913, est\u00e1 de acordo com os trabalhos apresentados na \u00e9poca por Einstein, Planck e Rutherford.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">b) o modelo 2 descreve as ideias de Thomson, em que um n\u00facleo massivo no centro mant\u00e9m os el\u00e9trons em \u00f3rbita circular na eletrosfera por for\u00e7as de atra\u00e7\u00e3o coulombianas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">c) os dois est\u00e3o em total desacordo com o modelo de Rutherford para o \u00e1tomo, proposto em 1911, que n\u00e3o previa a exist\u00eancia do n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">d) o modelo 1, proposto por Bohr, descreve a emiss\u00e3o de f\u00f3tons de v\u00e1rias cores enquanto o el\u00e9tron se dirige ao n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">e) o modelo 2, proposto por Bohr, explica satisfatoriamente o fato de um \u00e1tomo de hidrog\u00eanio n\u00e3o emitir radia\u00e7\u00e3o o tempo todo.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-5de43953\" class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion exclusive\">\n<details class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item\"><summary class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__title\"><div>Visualizar alternativa correta \/ coment\u00e1rio de quest\u00e3o<\/div><\/summary><div class=\"wp-block-themeisle-blocks-accordion-item__content\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Alternativa correta (E)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/details>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Modelos At\u00f4micos Q-01)&nbsp;(Famerp SP\/2021) L\u00e2mpadas de neon s\u00e3o tubos contendo gases rarefeitos submetidos a uma diferen\u00e7a de potencial. Quando el\u00e9trons percorrem o tubo, colidem com as mol\u00e9culas do g\u00e1s e emitem luz com cor caracter\u00edstica do elemento qu\u00edmico, conforme ilustra a figura. (www.fart-neon.com) A natureza da luz emitida pelas l\u00e2mpadas [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-571","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/571","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=571"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/571\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":682,"href":"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/571\/revisions\/682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/proexatas.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=571"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}